Healthy Peri -Implant Mucosa :
Berglundh (1991) compared clinically healthy ( normal) Peri -Implant Mucosa and free marginal gingiva ; Histological analysis revealed that each of two soft tissue had a keratinized oral epithelium and a junctional epithelium with a length of approximately 2mm . The height of the gingival supracrestal connective tissue portion was approximately 1mm ; the collagen fiber bundles were oriented in a fan shape , originating from the acellular root cementum .
Titanium implant lack root cementum , however, so the collagen fiber bundles in the peri-implant mucosa run mainly parallel to the implant surface and originate from the bone surface .
The authors reported that the probe penetration was more advanced at implants than at teeth ( approximately 2.0mm ,0.7mm respectively ) .
-Palacci P.,Ericsson I. ;Esthetic Implant Dentistry;Soft and Hard Management, (1st)ed.Quintessence. p:34 (2001) .
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